"Consumer-Innovators" in the UK Outspend British Companies on R&D
Japanese and American Consumer-Innovators Also Spend Billions of Dollars Creating Their Own Innovations
(firmenpresse) - CAMBRIDGE, MA -- (Marketwire) -- 09/26/11 -- Research published Thursday in the indicates that consumers in the UK spend $5.2 billion on product development and innovation for their personal use, far outstripping the $3.6 billion that UK companies spend on R&D. Consumers in the US and Japan are also significant "consumer-innovators," spending $20.2 billion and $5.8 billion, respectively, on their own product design and manufacture.
In the R&D-intensive countries of the US and Japan, consumers spend 33% and 13%, respectively, of the amount that commercial enterprises spend on consumer product R&D.
For the article, "," the researchers, Eric von Hippel, Susumu Ogawa and Jeroen P.J. de Jong, conducted first-ever national surveys designed to capture only real, new-to-the-market innovations that consumers had developed in their leisure time. They then applied out-of-pocket expenditures and time investment (evaluated at average wage rate for each nation) to calculate the total dollar investment.
The researchers use the evidence of the surprising extent of consumer innovation to propose a new, consumer-centric innovation paradigm. In Phase 1 users often innovate to create the products they want; then, in Phase 2, other users either reject or validate the initial innovation. If the innovation is validated through adoption, in Phase 3 the market has grown enough to be interesting to producing companies, which refine and commercialize the innovation for sale.
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is a professor of technological innovation at the in Cambridge, Massachusetts. is a professor of marketing at the in Kobe, Japan. is an assistant professor of strategic management and entrepreneurship at in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Datum: 26.09.2011 - 12:00 Uhr
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